Carnivorous combines carnis, flesh, and voro, to devour. A carnivorous animal, or carnivore, is one whose main diet is meat.
Voro, to devour, is the origin of other words referring to eating habits:
1.Herbivorous – subsisting on grains, grasses, and other vegetation, as do cows, deer, horses, etc. The animal is a herbivore. Derivation: Latin herba, herb, plus voro, to devour.
2.Omnivorous – eating everything: meat, grains, grasses, fish, insects, and anything else digestible. The only species so indiscriminate in their diet are humans and rats, plus, of course, some cats and dogs that live with people (in contrast to felines and canines – lions, tigers, bobcats, wolves, etc. – that are not domesticated). Omnivorous (combining Latin omnis, all, with voro, plus the adjective suffix -ous) refers not only to food. An omnivorous reader reads everything in great quantities (that is, devours all kinds of reading matter).
3.Voracious – devouring; hence, greedy or gluttonous; may refer either to food or to any other habits. One may be a voracious eater, voracious reader, voracious in one’s pursuit of money, pleasure, etc. Think of the two noun forms of loquacious.
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Some of these words change their ending to -ves in the plural, but some end simply in -s. A few allow a choice. Here are some examples:
X. ending -s: beliefs, carafes, chiefs, cliffs, cuffs, handkerchiefs, oafs, proofs, roofs, safes.
X. changing to -ves: calves, elves, halves, knives, leaves, loaves, scarves, shelves, wives, wolves.
X. taking either plural: dwarfs/dwarves, hoofs/hooves, wharves.
Note one life, two lives – but two paintings of bowls of fruit are two still lifes.
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Cacophony is itself a harsh-sounding word – and is the only one that exactly describes the unmusical, grating, ear-offending noises you are likely to hear in man-made surrounding: the underground trains thundering through their tunnels (they are also eye-offending, for which we might coin the term cacopsis, noun, and cacoptic, adjective), the traffic bedlam of rush hours in a big city, a steel mill, a car factory, a blast furnace, etc. Adjective: cacophonous.
These words are built on the Greek roots kakos, bad, harsh, or ugly, and phone, sound.
Phone, sound, is found also in:
1.telephone – etymologically, ‘sound from afar’.
2.euphony – pleasant sound.
3.phonograph – etymologically, ‘writer of sound’.
4.saxophone – a musical instrument (hence sound) invented by Adolphe Sax.
5.xylophone – a musical instrument; etymologically, ‘sounds through wood’ (Greek xylon, wood).
6.phonetics – the science of the sounds of language; the adjective is phonetic, the expert a phonetician.
7.phonics – the science of sound; also the method of teaching reading by practising the sounds of letters and syllables.
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Generally, a subject consisting of a singular noun plus an of-phrase takes a singular verb: A flock of sheep was seen in the distance. But there are some exceptions:
A vast quantity of fakes were released onto the market.
The ‘notional’ meaning here (see the chart, Notional agreement, below) is clearly ‘many fakes’ – hence the plural verb form.
Sometimes the choice of verb can affect the meaning. A vast quantity of fakes was released onto the market suggests that they all came from one source; using were avoids this suggestion.
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If you watch a furious athletic event, and you get tired, though the athletes expend all the energy – that’s vicarious fatigue.
If your friend goes on a bender, and as you watch him adsorb one drink after another, you begin to feel giddy and stimulated, that’s vicarious intoxication.
If you watch a mother in a film or play suffer horribly at the death of her child, and you go through the same agony, that’s vicarious torment.
You can experience an emotion, then, in two ways: firsthand, through actual participation: or vicariously, by becoming empathetically involved in another person’s feelings.
Some people, for example, lead essentially dull and colourless lives. Through their children, through reading or attending the theatre, however, they can experience all the emotions felt by others whose lives move along at a swift, exciting pace. These people live at second hand; they live vicariously.
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