A clause component that completes an earlier part. Clauses can have a SUBJECT COMPLEMENT:
It is a shy forest animal.
SUBJECT VERB SUBJECT COMPLEMENT.
Or an OBJECT COMPLEMENT:
It made him angry and irritable.
SUBJECT VERB OBJECT OBJECT COMPLEMENT.
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 If the word ends in a consonant, add -er (quick becomes quicker).
 With words of one syllable with a short vowel sound and ending with a single consonant, double the consonant and add -er (sad becomes sadder).
 With words of one syllable ending in -l, you normally do not double the l, but cruel becomes crueller.
 If it ends in ‘e’ add -r (late becomes later).
 If it ends in ‘y’, change the ‘y’ to an ‘i’ and add -er (happy becomes happier).
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The form of an adjective that is used when comparing things. For example:
He is taller than me.
The comparative is formed in different ways according to the length of the base adjective:
 If it has one syllable, then the letters -er are added.
 If the word has three syllables or more, then the word ‘more’ is added before the adjective: more attractive.
 Words of two syllables vary: some add -er and some use ‘more’.
Some can do either, for example clever.
Thus use of ‘more’ and adding -er are alternatives. It is wrong to use both together (e.g. more better).
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Noun can be divided into two groups, common nouns and proper nouns. Proper nouns are those that refer to people, places, and things that are unique, for example Manchester and William Shakespeare. All nouns that are not proper nouns are grouped together as common nouns.
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This punctuation mark has the following uses:
 To separate the items in a list:
… tens of thousands of them: Christians, Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs.
 To place a section of a sentence in PARENTHESIS (as brackets do):
Bill the dog, happy as ever to be out and about, was sniffing everything in sight.
 To mark the divisions between the CLAUSES in a COMPLEX SENTENCE:
These weedkillers may, if used on new lawns, damage young seedling grasses before they are well established.
 To separate sections of a sentence to make it easier to read:
To make a hot compress, pour hot water into a bowl and then add the essential oil.
 To introduce and/or end a piece of direct speech:
‘No, sir,’ said Stephen, ‘and that is what is so curious’.
You do not need to use a comma between nouns that are in APPOSITION:
My wife Dorothy
Alison and her friend Beth were attracted to the same man at a party.
Commas should be used to surround a noun that is in PARENTHESIS:
Pete, his son, cleaned the garden aviary.
Use a comma when writing a number that is made up of four or more figures:
23,500 1,500 miles.
But not in dates:
1 May 2004 the 1970s.
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