A form of the verb that is complete in itself and can be used alone as the verb phrase in a sentence. In the sentences that follow there is one finite verb.
Then I examined the three main rooms.
The finite form of the verb is either the simple past tense or the simple present tense.
If the verb phrase in a sentence consists of more than one verb word, then one of the verbs should be finite.
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In formal writing and speech, fewer should be used with Countable nouns and less with uncountable nouns. Examples:
Fewer shades of green.
Parliament would have less power.
It is not standard English to use less with a plural or a number higher than one, as in the following example:
Less people vote in Euro elections than vote in local elections.
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The main use of the exclamation mark is to end sentences that express:
 An exclamation:
‘With a fixed bayonet! A fixed bayonet!’ he repeated incredulously.
 Direct speech spoken loudly or shouted:
‘The first one … the first!’ everybody yelled.
 Something that the writer or speaker finds amusing:
Her son was the biggest poacher – he was a devil: he’d rob your house in the middle of the day and let you see him!
It can also be used in brackets after a statement that the writer finds amusing or ironic:
I look ruddy, muscly, well covered (!), and just, shall we say, solid.
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A remark expressing surprise, delight, pain, anger, or other strong emotion, often spoken with extra force of emphasis: How wonderful!
In writing, exclamations are often shown by the use of an exclamation mark. Exclamation sentences can have a special grammatical construction, which involves changing the normal sentence order and starting the sentence in one of two ways:
 The sentence begins with how+Adjective:
How strange it looked from below!
 The sentence begins with what+Noun Phrase:
What an incredible confidence trick the election polls have turned out to be.
In speech particularly, exclamations frequently contain no verb:
How stupid of me!
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The study of the history of words, or the history of a particular word. Dictionaries often provide information about the etymology of words. For example:
Ramekin
> Noun a small dish for baking and serving an individual portion of food.
– Origin mid 17th cent. : from French ramequin, of Low German or Dutch origin; compare with obsolete Flemish ramekin ‘toasted bread’.
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When these two conjunctions are used as a pair, the two expressions that are linked should be of the same grammatical status:
 Two words:
Neither of us feels compelled to get wed on either moral or religious grounds.
 Two phrases:
The money will help fund a resources library and make learning units available to small, remote groups either on loan or as permanent gifts.
 Two clauses:
It should quash the conviction and either enter a verdict of acquittal or order a new trial.
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An Auxiliary verb. Like be and have, do can be used both as an auxiliary and as a main verb. It is a common and useful main verb in sentences such as: Overcoats will do more than keep you warm this winter.
As an Auxiliary verb it is used:
 To make negative statements:
Water lilies do not grow well if water is falling on to their leaves.
 To form questions:
‘Do you understand me?’ he asked a second time.
 To form Tag questions:
Well, it doesn’t matter about anyone else, does it?
 For emphasis:
And he does like to travel.
 To avoid repetition:
I think you all know him better than I do.
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A sentence adverbial that provides some comment by the speaker or writer on the content of the sentence in which they appear. Disjuncts often come at or near the beginning of the sentence.
Admittedly, the enemy on this occasion was not Napoleon. In the sentence the disjunct is admittedly.
Common disjuncts include:
Actually Admittedly Basically Briefly Clearly
Frankly In general Obviously Perhaps Personally.
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A vowel sound that is composed of a sequence of two vowels. The vowel in the word ‘so’, for example begins with the ‘o’ sound of ‘hot’ and then glides into the ‘u’ sound of ‘put’. Other diphthongs are the vowel sounds in the following words:
High late toil.
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 A version of a noun that refers to a small version of something. Such diminutives are formed by adding a Prefix:
Minibus microskirt
Or a Suffix:
Notelet Kitchenette duckling
 A version of a noun that indicates familiarity or fondness, formed by adding a suffix:
Aussie sweetie footer champers
 A short form of a personal name:
Timothy – Tim Katherine – Kath/Kate/Katy .
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