Archive for the ‘Education’ Category

Punctuation is used to create sense, clarity and stress in sentences.

Thursday, February 23rd, 2012

You use punctuation marks to structure and organise your writing. The most common of these are the period (or full stop in British English), the comma, the exclamation mark, the question mark, the colon and semi-colon, the quote, the apostrophe, the hyphen and dash, and parentheses and brackets. Capital letters are also used to help us organise meaning and to structure the sense of our writing.

You can quickly see why punctuation is important if you try and read this sentence which has no punctuation at all:

perhaps you dont always need to use commas periods colons etc to make sentences clear when i am in a hurry tired cold lazy or angry i sometimes leave out punctuation marks grammar is stupid i can write without it and dont need it my uncle Harry once said he was not very clever and i never understood a word he wrote to me i think ill learn some punctuation not too much enough to write to Uncle Harry he needs some help

Now let’s see if punctuating it makes a difference!

Perhaps you don’t always need to use commas, periods, colons etc. to make sentences clear. When I am in a hurry, tired, cold, lazy, or angry I sometimes leave out punctuation marks.

“Grammar is stupid! I can write without it and don’t need it.” my uncle Harry once said. He was not very clever and I never understood a word he wrote to me. I think I’ll learn some punctuation – not too much, enough to write to Uncle Harry. He needs some help!

Use of punctuation marks makes your English clearer and better organised.

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Capitalization Rules

Wednesday, February 22nd, 2012
  1. Capitalize the first word of a quoted sentence.
  2. Capitalize a proper noun.
  3. Capitalize a person’s title when it precedes the name. Do not capitalize when the title is acting as a description following the name.
  4. Capitalize the person’s title when it follows the name on the address or signature line.
  5. Capitalize the titles of high-ranking government officials when used before their names. Do not capitalize the civil title if it is used instead of the name.
  6. Capitalize any title when used as a direct address.
  7. Capitalize points of the compass only when they refer to specific regions.
  8. Always capitalize the first and last words of titles of publications regardless of their parts of speech. Capitalize other words within titles, including the short verb forms Is, Are, and Be.
  9. Capitalize federal or state when used as part of an official agency name or in government documents where these terms represent an official name. If they are being used as general terms, you may use lowercase letters.

10.  Do not capitalize names of seasons.

11.  Capitalize the first word of a salutation and the first word of a complimentary close.

12.  Capitalize words derived from proper nouns.

13.  Capitalize the names of specific course titles.

14.  After a sentence ending with a colon, do not capitalize the first word if it begins a list.

15.  Do not capitalize when only one sentence follows a sentence ending with a colon.

16.  Capitalize when two or more sentences follow a sentence ending with a colon.

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Ten Quick Tips to Improve Your Writing

Friday, February 17th, 2012

Whether you’re composing a blog or a business letter, an email or an essay, our goal should be to respond clearly and directly to the needs and interests of our readers. Follow these ten tips to sharpen our writing whenever you set out to inform or persuade.

  1. Lead with your main idea.

As a general rule, state the main idea of a paragraph in the first sentence–the topic sentence. Don’t keep your readers guessing.

  1. Vary the length of your sentences.

In general, use short sentences to emphasize ideas. Use longer sentences to explain, define, or illustrate ideas.

  1. Put key words and ideas at the beginning or end of a sentence.

Don’t bury a main point in the middle of a long sentence. To emphasize key words, place them at the beginning or (better yet) at the end.

  1. Vary sentence types and structures.

Vary sentence types by including occasional questions and commands. Vary sentence structures by blending simple, compound, and complex sentences.

  1. Use active verbs.

Don’t overwork the passive voice or forms of the verb “to be.” Instead, use active verbs in the active voice.

  1. Use specific nouns and verbs.

To convey your message clearly and keep your readers engaged, use concrete and specific words that show what you mean.

  1. Cut the clutter.

When revising your work, eliminate unnecessary words.

  1. Read aloud when you revise.

When revising, you may hear problems (of tone, emphasis, word choice, and syntax) that you can’t see. So listen up!

  1. Actively edit and proofread.

It’s easy to overlook errors when merely looking over your work. So be on the lookout for common trouble spots when studying your final draft.

10.  Use a dictionary.

When proofreading, don’t trust your spellchecker: it can tell you only if a word is a word, not if it’s the right word.

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Fiction writing tips – Inventing your characters

Thursday, February 16th, 2012

Where do fictional characters come from? Does the stork bring them; do they grow in cabbage patches? Both seem like possibilities, since story characters can pop up just about everywhere else.

Some places to start:

  • Someone you see on the street or in the supermarket. Imagine a life for this person, and you’ve got a fictional character.
  • Take a picture of a person in a magazine. Invent a name for him or her, a personality, hopes and fears, annoying habits.
  • Open the phone book to a random name. Let’s say you come up with “B. Goulding.” What might the “B.” stand for? Write down the first thing that comes to mind; for example, Bertha. When you imagine someone named Bertha Goulding, what mental picture occurs to you? I see someone tall and fat, maybe sixty years old, with black curly hair and red lipstick. Turn the name you’ve chosen into a fictional character.
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Academic Style of Writing

Wednesday, February 15th, 2012

When writing, you should use a formal, academic style. Academic writing does not have to be elaborate or complicated. A well-structured, straightforward paper is more easily understood and your ideas better appreciated—than one filled with complicated sentences and words.

Strong academic writing must

• Be well-organized, with ideas presented in a logical order;

• Present objective analysis that is critical without being too negative or positive;

• Use clear language that is simple without being basic;

• Avoid emotional language.

Every field has its style of writing. The best way to become familiar with the style used in your field is to read and note how effective authors write.

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